Influence of biological origin on the tensile properties of cellulose nanopapers

Abstract Cellulose nanopapers provide diverse, strong and lightweight templates prepared entirely from sustainable raw materials, cellulose nanofibers (CNFs). Yet the strength of CNFs has not been fully capitalized in resulting relative influence CNF strength, their bonding, biological origin to nanopaper are unknown. Here, we show that basic principles paper physics can be applied illuminate those relationships. Importantly, it appeared ~ 200 MPa was theoretical maximum for with random fibril orientation. Furthermore, demonstrate contrast tensile bacterial (BC) wood-based nanofibrillated (NFC). Endemic amorphous polysaccharides (hemicelluloses) NFC act as matrix nanopapers, strengthening bonding between just like improves primary cell wall plants. The conclusions apply all composites containing non-woven fiber mats reinforcement. Graphic abstract